Fasciola hepatica vaccine: We may not be there yet but we’re on the right road

Major advances have been made in identifying potential vaccine molecules for the control of liver fluke disease (fasciolosis) in livestock but the level of efficacy required for commercialization has yet to be reached. Pathogenesis is associated with liver damage inflicted by migrating and feeding flukes as well as host inflammatory immune responses to parasite-secreted molecules and tissue damage alarm signals. Fasciola is able to suppress/modulate the host immune response, preventing the development of protective immune responses. To develop effective vaccines greater understanding of how parasites invade and penetrate host tissues and how they manipulate the resulting immune responses is required.

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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304401715000084